Anesthesia Machine: Structure and Function


The anesthesia machine is a core life-support system that delivers

anesthetic agents and an oxygen-medical air mixture to the patient.

1. Ventilator Control Panel

The central control panel for choosing and selecting the mode and type of the patient’s ventilation. It allows adjustment of respiratory rate (RR), inspiratory pressure, and the inspiratory–expiratory (I:E) ratio.



2. Bellows/ Bellows Housing

The bellows expand and contract during ventilation to deliver gas to the patient and the outer transparent case of the bellows.



3. Reservoir Bag Connector

Connection port for attaching the reservoir bag during manual ventilation.



4. Scavenging System

Safely removes excess anesthetic gases from the system and releases them to the outside operating room.



5. Breathing Circuit & CO₂ Absorber

The hose connecting the patient to the ventilator (anesthesia) machine and an absorbent material that removes carbon dioxide from the patient’s exhaled gases in the circuit.

6. Oxygen Gas Flowmeter

Indicator for the flow rate of oxygen.



7. Medical Gas Flowmeter

Indicators for the flow rates of medical gases, such as nitrous oxide and air.



8. Vaporizer

A container that converts liquid anesthetic agents into vapor and delivers them to the patient at a precise concentration.




9. Pressure Gauge

A gauge displaying the supply pressure of medical gases in real time.



10. Suction

Suction Units for removing secretions or foreign materials from the mouth and airway.



11. Oxygen Flush Button

A button allows direct oxygen flush (100% oxygen rapidly at a high flow rate, 35–75 L/min) into the ventilator and the breathing circuit in emergency situations. Delivers).